Recent developments in technologies such as MEC and AI contribute significantly in accelerating the deployment of VCPS. Techniques such as dynamic content caching, efficient resource allocation, and data sharing play a crucial role in enhancing the service quality and user driving experience. Meanwhile, data leakage in VCPS can lead to physical consequences such as endangering passenger safety and privacy, and causing severe property loss for data providers. The increasing volume of data, the dynamic network topology, and the availability of limited resources make data leakage in VCPS an even more challenging problem, especially when it involves multiple users and multiple transmission channels. In this article, we first propose a secure and intelligent architecture for enhancing data privacy. Then we present our new privacy-preserving federated learning mechanism and design a two-phase mitigating scheme consisting of intelligent data transformation and collaborative data leakage detection. Numerical results based on a real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme and show that our scheme achieves good accuracy, efficiency, and high security.